Fifth disease is a common childhood illness caused by a virus. It is generally very mild and often children and parents are not even aware that they have it. It gets its name by being fifth in a group of illnesses that produce rashes (measles, rubella, scarlet fever, and roseola are in this group). In the beginning, children may experience symptoms similar to a cold and may have a low-grade fever.
Some children do not seem to experience any symptoms at all. After a few days, a bright red rash may appear on the cheeks, causing the child to look as if his/her cheeks have been slapped. A light red, lacey rash follows this on the arms, legs, and trunk. This rash may come and go for several weeks and may vary in intensity with heat, exercise, and exposure to the sun. Adults with Fifth disease are less likely to get the rash but sometimes may experience painful joints. Children may be contagious for about a week before symptoms develop. Once the rash appears, they are no longer contagious. Fifth disease can be spread through direct contact and respiratory secretions. Good hand washing and careful disposal of tissues can help prevent the spread of the disease.
Although Fifth disease generally causes no problems in children, women who catch the disease while in early pregnancy may have an increased risk for complications with the developing fetus. Women during early pregnancy who think they may be exposed should contact their physician. Since the child is contagious before symptoms appear, it is impossible to avoid exposure. We have cases of Fifth disease in our school every year, some we are aware of and some we are not. It is not a question of if we will have a case but of when and how many cases. Therefore, if you are pregnant or are planning a pregnancy, please discuss with your physician beforehand regarding your possible exposure to childhood communicable diseases, including Fifth disease. Planning ahead of time with your physician should help you avoid undue stress if an exposure occurs during your pregnancy.
If you have any questions, please call Nurse Penny at 803-476-4400.
