“The framework shifts the cognitive load from teacher- as model- to joint responsibility of teacher and learner, to independent practice and application by the learner. (Pearson & Gallagher, 1983)

“It shifts from the teacher assuming “all the responsibility for performing a task . . to a situation in which the students assume all of the responsibility” (Duke & Pearson, 2002, p. 211).

•Based upon various theories:

•Piaget’s work on cognitive structures (1952)

•Vygotsky’s work on zones of proximal development (1962, 1978)

•Bandura’s work on attention, retention, reproduction and motivation (1965).

•Wood, Bruner, and Ross’s work on scaffolded instruction (1976)

•Created in 1983 by Pearson and Gallagher

•Further defined by Reggie Routman in 2008.

•Included in Best Practice: Bringing Standards to Life in America’s Classrooms by Steven Zemelman, Harvey Daniels, and Arthur Hyde in 2012.

•Presented by Fisher and Frey in Better Learning Through Structured Teaching in 2014.