Break, move, drop.
Break, move, drop.
All of these processes happen to a rock. (repeat)

Weathering breaks it,
Erosion takes it.
And when the motion stops,
Deposition drops.

Wind and water moving around,
Gravity pulls it down.

The above picture shows the process of weathering by, water in cracks of rocks, and the water freezes when temperatures reach 0 degrees Celsius, and the water expands. OVER TIME this expansion causes the rock to break apart, and this is weathering.

Select wind, water, or ice for the questions below to indicate how each landform

is formed.

How is a canyon formed? _______________

How is a u-shaped valley formed? _______________

What shapes sand dunes? __________________

You can plant vegetation to slow down the erosion. The roots will trap some of the soil and keep it from blowing or moving with rain or water flow.

One morning on his way to school, Josh noticed a fan-shaped pile of sand covering part of the sidewalk. It wasn't there the day before, and he wondered how it got there. He made a list of clues to help him solve the mystery. These are his clues.

1. It rained really hard last night.

2. They are digging the basement for a new house on the land next to the

sidewalk where I found the sand. There's a big pile of sand that they dug

out.

3. When I look closely at the sand, I notice that there is some clay along the

edges of the fan farthest from the basement.

What ideas do you have for how the fan of sand got on the sidewalk? Write a note to Josh describing your ideas and giving him some suggestions on where to look for more evidence.

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In the natural world, a glacial valley is formed

when –

A a river runs into the ocean and deposits

large amounts of sediments

B the movement of a huge mass of ice

slowly changes the shape of Earth’s

surface

C large amounts of sand are trapped at the

base of a mountain

D icebergs melt, causing the level of the

ocean to rise

New Orleans, Louisiana is a city

that is built on a delta where the

Mississippi River flows into the Gulf

of Mexico. This landform most likely

increases in size because –

F the population of the city

increases

G hurricanes make landfall on the

Gulf coast

H deposition continues to occur

J factories dump pollution into the

Mississippi River

Why are rocks and pebbles found in a river usually smooth?

A The rocks and pebbles found in rivers are not very old and are still very smooth.

B The flowing river water makes the rocks and pebbles rub against each other.

C Rough rocks and pebbles would stop the flow of the river, so they must be smooth.

D Fish and other animals nest on the rocks and pebbles and make them smooth.

Which of the following areas is most likely to change the most due to erosion?

A A sloping area covered with bushes

B A flat area covered with grass

C A flat area without vegetation

D A sloping area without vegetation

Water with a high acid content that falls as rain is called acid rain. What is an effect of acid rain falling on rocks? The acid rain—

A causes the rocks to tumble together

B seeps into cracks and freezes

C dissolves rocks into smaller pieces

D causes erosion and washes rocks away

Which of the following is an example of erosion?

A Wind blowing across a field and picking up dust and small rocks

B Sediment falling to the bottom of a lake or ocean

C The breaking up of rocks due to the effects of freezing water

D The formation of stalactites in underground caves

What could be done to stop soil erosion on the side of hills?

A Build dams to keep water from running down the hillsides.

B Plant more trees and grass on eroding hillsides.

C Remove all trees and grass from eroding hillsides.

D Spray a lot of water on the hillside to keep the dirt wet.

What is being demonstrated in the illustration above?

A How oceans affect nearby land

B How erosion changes landforms

C How earthquakes create mountains

D How fossil fuels formed long ago

When comparing a picture of the Davis Mountains taken 140 years ago to one taken in 2007, a student was surprised to see that the mountains looked smaller and more rounded now than they did in the past. Which of the following best explains why the Davis Mountains now look old and worn?

A Wind and water weathered the mountains, causing parts of them to wear away.

B Many people traveled across the mountains, causing parts of them to wear away.

C A lot of heavy rainfall fell on the mountains causing them to shrink away.

D A glacier passed over the mountains, causing parts of them to break off and wear away.

Which characteristics would most likely be present on a rock found at the bottom of a river or stream?

A Stripes and lots of colors

B Fossils and bits of glass

C Rough, sharp edges

D Smooth, rounded edges